Quote Quoting Jim Kozlovich
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In traffic stop, the driver is technically under arrest because the driver is not free to leave until they sign the Notice to Appear. If the driver refuses to sign the Notice to Appear, they will be taken to jail (CVC 40302(b)).
They are surely detained if they are not free to leave. But when after the detention takes place does the arrest occur? Arrest and detention are not the same thing.