Second, again, you have missed the point. The issuance of the citation (Notice to Appear) does not constitute an arrest. The actual arrest happens before the Notice to Appear is issued.
An arrest is made when there is probable cause the facts support an objective belief that the person to be arrested has committed a crime (Traffic infractions in California are criminal in nature). An arrest requires taking someone into custody, against that person's will, in order to prosecute. An arrest does not mean the person is actually taken to jail. In traffic stop, the driver is technically under arrest because the driver is not free to leave until they sign the Notice to Appear. If the driver refuses to sign the Notice to Appear, they will be taken to jail (CVC 40302(b)).