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My question involves labor and employment law for the state of: New York

In New York State, how long after an employee is paid is it the law that they receive a pay stub? Full-time employee, salaried.

My employer has not been giving pay stubs regularly for over a year, because the company has not been paying our taxes, Social Security, Medicare, etc. We have not had a paystub now for months.
The pay stub must be provided at the time wages are paid. New York Labor Law § 195(3) states that every employer shall:

furnish each employee with a statement with every payment of wages, listing the following: the dates of work covered by that payment of wages; name of employee; name of employer; address and phone number of employer; rate or rates of pay and basis thereof, whether paid by the hour, shift, day, week, salary, piece, commission, or other; gross wages; deductions; allowances, if any, claimed as part of the minimum wage; and net wages. For all employees who are not exempt from overtime compensation as established in the commissioner's minimum wage orders or otherwise provided by New York state law or regulation, the statement shall include the regular hourly rate or rates of pay; the overtime rate or rates of pay; the number of regular hours worked, and the number of overtime hours worked. For all employees paid a piece rate, the statement shall include the applicable piece rate or rates of pay and number of pieces completed at each piece rate. Upon the request of an employee, an employer shall furnish an explanation in writing of how such wages were computed;

(Bolding added.) As you can see by the bolded portion, the law clearly requires the pay stub with every payment of wages, so the employer has not been complying with the law. The fact that income and FICA taxes have not been withheld from your pay at all is a very huge problem. You'll end up paying the income tax and your share of the FICA taxes yourself if the employer has not ever withheld them. I hope you've been saving for that. I suggest you report to the IRS and the NY State Department of Taxation and Finance that the employer is not withholding tax as required along with reporting to the NY State Department of Labor the failure to provide paystubs.

You should consider looking for another job. If the employer is not meeting its requirements for withholding taxes and providing paystubs, its a pretty good bet it isn't paying unemployment taxes (to fund unemployment compensation), worker's compensation insurance (to pay benefits to injured workers) or complying with other employment law rules. Moreover, firms that operate this way often are a sign of a firm that has financial problems and you may find the company starts missing payment of wages or suddenly shuts down.