Quote Quoting conanav
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a) it is 3, well almost 4AM and not a single car is on Roanoke - NOT a defense but certainly a point worth considering from a local LEO perspective.
As you say, not a defense.
Quote Quoting conanav
b) I did stop at the stop sign, looked in both directions, and remained cautious.
If the turn is unlawful, it is irrelevant that you were cautious when making the unlawful turn.
Quote Quoting conanav
c) It is an extremely recent change in local ordinance, and a warning would certainly have made sure I never make this mistake again
If there's a sign, the fact that it's recently installed may be something you would raise when "throwing yourself on the mercy of the court" or prosecutor, but it's not a defense.
Quote Quoting conanav
d) The officer made me sit in my car in freezing cold weather for close to 40 minutes.
As you know,t hat's not a defense.
Quote Quoting conanav
e) I am less than a minute from my house, and have only made this alteration to my route because of wanting to be a defensive driver and avoid a possible but needless accident from a fast moving SUV behind me. - again not my legal defense, but the LEO did not have to be a complete jerk about the situation.
As you say, not a defense.

As for the officer citing the incorrect code provision, most courts will permit amendment. Some courts will insist upon dismissal and refiling. On rare occasion a court will dismiss with prejudice. It's possible that at trial the officer won't recall why he issued the ticket (the sign) and won't be able to explain the justification for the ticket. You are free to try to convince the court that the signage is inadequate, although even if you establish a problem with the signs that doesn't guarantee a favorable outcome. It's up to you whether you roll the dice.