you're saying that one person can file multiple FMLA claims (i.e. one for family member, one for self, etc.) but the time of work is still restricted to the same total 12 weeks in a 12 month period? Yes. That is exactly what I'm saying. The law allows 12 weeks, period, not 12 weeks per condition. Anything above that is up to the employer.
If part of this time off work is covered by PTO/vacation or short-term disability, does it also count against your FMLA allotment? If the employer says it does, it does. The law is very specific about this. An employer MAY allow additional time over the 12 weeks of FMLA. They are NOT obligated to do so. Whether the time is paid or unpaid does not change this.

