You can try asking the jail if they have an inmate with his name. Some counties have the information available online.

You can check the court to see if there's an open case file in his name, and if so you can see how you might learn the status of the case - you may have to go to the courthouse in person. Some counties have court dockets (or partial dockets) online.

When people commit a series of crimes, that's likely to result in the judge sentencing them more harshly than if it's their first offense. Sentencing guidelines can potentially factor in.