This question has been asked to counselors, lawyers, and anyone with knowledge on visas. No answer has been achieved for quite a long time. So here I go again.

Can dependents (specifically of E-1 visa) that are students (attending a university in California) work for an UNPAID internship position?

*This position is regulated by the university's internship program/system. (program director sets limits on maximum hours, gives assignments about the internship learning opportunity and holds weekly meetings with the student)

Essentially, do I have to have a work permit to volunteer for free?

Any input/advice would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you.