How Do I Know if I Am Charged with Possession

My question involves criminal law for the state of: Arizona. I was pulled over for running a stop sign, officer asked if I was smoking marijuana as he saw my son digging thru back pack for what he assumed was gum. I said no. He had me and my two sons get out, I asked for a lawyer, he got permission to search car from his superior, and they found a pipe and a few grams of weed on the passenger floor. I never received any paperwork, they did not take me in, or run any tests. How do i know if i am being charged, and how long will it take to find out?

You can try contacting the court with jurisdiction over the case to see if anything has been filed under your name. Beyond that, you get to "wait and see". If the prosecutor is waiting on test results from a police crime lab, for low priority cases that can sometimes take quite a while.